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General Francisco Franco ruled Spain for nearly forty years, as one of the most powerful and controversial leaders in that nation's long history. He has been the subject of many biographies, several of them more than a thousand pages in length, but all the preceding works have tended toward one extreme of interpretation or the other. This is the first comprehensive scholarly biography of Franco in English that is objective and balanced in its coverage, treating all three major aspects of his life—personal, military, and political. The coauthors, both renowned historians of Spain, present a deeply researched account that has made extensive use of the Franco Archive (long inaccessible to historians). They have also conducted in-depth interviews with his only daughter to explain better his family background, personal life, and marital environment, as well as his military and political career.
Franco: A Personal and Political Biography depicts his early life, explains his career and rise to prominence as an army officer who became Europe's youngest interwar brigadier general in 1926, and then discusses his role in the affairs of the troubled Second Spanish Republic (1931–36). Stanley G. Payne and Jesús Palacios examine in detail how Franco became dictator and how his leadership led to victory in the Spanish Civil War that consolidated his regime. They also explore Franco's role in the great repression that accompanied the Civil War—resulting in tens of thousands of executions—and examine at length his controversial role in World War II. This masterful biography highlights Franco's metamorphoses and adaptations to retain power as politics, culture, and economics shifted in the four decades of his dictatorship.
Best Books for General Audiences, selected by the American Association of School Librarians
Best Books for General Audiences, selected by the Public Library Reviewers
- Sales Rank: #205499 in Books
- Published on: 2014-11-24
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.00" h x 1.70" w x 6.00" l, .0 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 632 pages
Review
"An intimate portrait of Franco the man, provoking a lively and necessary debate about the nature of the dictator's regime."—Julius Ruiz, author of Franco's Justice
"Francisco Franco is the only major twentieth-century dictator to die peacefully in his bed—after almost four decades in power. His regime was brutal, despicable, and in many respects ineffectual, yet it did not join the Axis powers in World War II and was a transitional type between traditional military dictatorships and more recent totalitarian regimes. This book, impeccably based on the available sources and displaying sober judgment, could well be the definitive work on the subject."—Walter Laqueur, author of Fascism: Past, Present, Future
"Masterfully combines research on Franco's life and regime with new and unique sources including Franco's private papers and interviews with Franco's only daughter. It will appeal to a broad readership including anyone interested in the history of twentieth-century Spain, the Spanish civil war, and the Franco regime."—Joan Maria Thomàs, University Rovira-Virgili, Spain
“This highly readable and extremely insightful biography situates Franco not only in his Spanish context but also in the global context of 20th-century dictatorships.”—Wall Street Journal
“The authors face their daunting task with redoubtable advantages [including] the respect due to their scholarship and erudition. . . . To write fairly about Franco is a largely thankless, albeit perhaps remunerative, task, appealing only to those who have a stomach for a fight or indifference to blows. . . . Stanley Payne and Jesús Palacios deserve admiration for taking the risk of saying what little there is to be said on their subject’s behalf. Theirs is a fearless book.”—Times Literary Supplement
“Add[s] an intimate glimpse into Franco’s personal and family life to the extant historiography of Franco’s military career and the political machinations of his regime. . . . The authors successfully take great pains to be objective and balanced as they simultaneously eschew writing a hagiography and situating his seizure of the state within the context of interwar chaos and violence. Recommended, all levels/libraries.”—Choice
“Franco is that dread thing, ‘complex.’ He will frustrate a desire for black-and-whiteness. . . . The new biography by Stanley G. Payne and Jesús Palacios will tell you what to think about Franco. Even better, it will tell you how to think about him. That is a huge gift to an interested reader.”—National Review
“Highly readable, the book is at its heart a biography. . . . The authors do well to demonstrate not only Franco’s committed anti-Communism, but his elaborate and exaggerated fear of Freemasons, his reluctance for reform, his growing disillusionment with the Roman Catholic Church after Vatican II, and his sheer inability to comprehend economic policy.”—American Historical Review
About the Author
Stanley G. Payne is the Hilldale–Jaume Vicens Vives Professor of History Emeritus at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and the author of many books, including A History of Fascism, 1914–1945; The Franco Regime, 1936–1975; and Spain: A Unique History. Jesús Palacios is a noted historian, investigative journalist, and adjunct professor at the University of Madrid.
Most helpful customer reviews
58 of 61 people found the following review helpful.
A study that neither exonerates nor excoriates...
By Dennis A Noyes
Reading Hugh Thomas in the 60's offered an alternative view of the Caudillo, much different, obviously, to the official history, as taught in schools, of Ricardo de la Cierva and others who supported Franco and the regimen. Years later came Paul Preston, a fine historian who, to a certain extent, unfortunately squandered some credibility when, in the introduction to "The Spanish Civil War," he felt it necessary to write, "there is little sympathy here for the Spanish right." As an American who has lived in Spain since 1965 and who experienced the Franco dictatorship in its later years (when it was milder, yes, but not a "dictablanda") and counted among my friends both veterans of the División Azul and ex-political prisoners of who suffered severe postwar repression, and also young people who were enthusiastic supporters of the regimen as well as active dissidents who advocated regional insurgency in Catalunya, I was grateful to authors Payne and Palacios for their scholarly, measured and skeptical approach. They neither exonerate nor excoriate and, as a result, their treatment of the man and his times rings true to one who lived there and was paying close attention from the late sixties up to the present. The notion that the Spanish Civil War was a confrontation between Good and Evil is still palpable in Spain, but with disagreement over which side was which. Readers who want either to despise or idolize Francisco Franco will be disappointed. Those who want to understand Franco and how Spain has evolved over the last 100 years are the readers form whom this accurate and historically solid book is intended.
17 of 17 people found the following review helpful.
Not an image guy. ...
By Karen Ziminski
Franco was not an image guy. He was a short, pudgy man who was a stickler for rules, a devout Catholic, and devoted to his wife and daughter. He came to power with the help of Hitler and Mussolini, allegedly to stop Spain from being taken over by Communism. One of the most interesting parts was how he managed to keep Spain out of World War II in spite of pressure from both the Axis and the Allies. He continued to rule Spain many years after Hitler and Mussolini were dead. He was indeed a dictator, used violence as all dictators do, and limited freedoms that Americans take for granted. I visited Spain under Franco and Czechoslovakia under Communism a year later. It was kind of creepy in Spain seeing the Guardia Civil walking around town with machine guns, but it was nowhere near as scary and depressing as Czechoslovakia.
14 of 15 people found the following review helpful.
A Must-have Book for Anyone interested in Franco
By Scott Quinn
In reviewing this book, co-written by Stanley Payne and Jesús Palacios, I will attempt to answer two basic questions that I think most people want the answers to: 1) should a student of the history of Spain in the 20th century read this book and place it in his library? And 2) why or why not?
The answer to the first question is a resounding yes! Franco marks the culmination of the brilliant career of Stanley Payne, the dean of English speaking historians of modern Spain. This is an indispensable work.
Now, why?
Firstly, because it needed doing. Paul Preston, in his ponderous, tedious, and ill-mannered biography of Franco, simply did not get the job done. Writing about Franco in a way that adds something useful to the conversation about him requires hard work, patience, and thoughtful analysis, the sort of qualities all great scholars have. It says something that Preston's bloated and crammed work merits a mere single mention in Payne’s notes, and a courtesy one at that (chapter 3, note 10).
Before I continue, I think it important to point out that Payne, at least in his English-language books, is the sole author. We will have to take Palacios at his word (i.e., his name as co-author) that he agrees with Payne's conclusions. Still, I will refer to Payne only, as this work represents several decades of thought, reflection, and analysis on Franco. No disrespect is intended toward Palacios.
Secondly, the sources marshaled include personal interviews Payne conducted in 1958 and 1959, as well as interviews with Franco's daughter in 2008. And this is one of the key elements of this book. Franco was a very private, stoic man, and Payne's interviews provide real, even raw, insight into Franco the man. Moreover, most of the sources are Spanish-language ones, which, although an impediment to someone like me who failed to apply himself adequately in his studies of Spanish, nonetheless get to the heart of the source material that matters.
Thirdly, Payne's balanced narrative places Franco in perspective. No one is one-dimensional, but you wouldn’t know it from most accounts of Franco’s life, which offer a mere caricature of him. Franco is certainly an enigma for most people, and Payne has provided us a better understanding of this complex man. At the same time, this is not a hagiography. Still, there is something remarkable about Franco’s unduring sang-froid in the face of major events that threatened his life, his reputation, and his status as leader.
Fourthly, Payne's most enduring achievement is in placing the character of the Franco regime in the proper contexts. Payne examines Franco from within the whirlwind that defined his career: from his beginnings as an infantry man in Toledo and, later, Morocco, to his later roles as general within (and defender of) the Republic, to his decision to rebel against it, and then to his decades as caudillo with all of its twists and turns at home and abroad.
Fifthly, building upon the preceding paragraph, Payne points out some key points that must be raised in any discussion of the SCW. Franco was in no way a fascist in the conventional sense in the 1930s. Franco was not some blood-thirsty dictator intent on killing anyone who fought against the victorious side. Indeed, his regime's "repression" was meek and diminished with each year following 1939. Compared with other regimes faced with similar conflicts (democratic, Communist, conservative), Franco's "repression" was mild by comparison.
Sixthly, Payne does an excellent job explaining how the very thing that brought Spain into the modern world also led to the undoing of the conservative society he sought to maintain. Tourism, which brought needed hard currency to Spain after the SCW also led to the encroachment of liberal Western "values." The implosion of the Catholic Church following the disastrous Second Vatican Council, which concluded in 1965, undermined the very vision of society and Church Franco fought to restore. On his deathbed, Franco seemed to sense that change was in the air. One hopes that he never imagined the betrayal of Juan Carlos, the man in whom he had placed so much trust as future king of Spain, and whose multiple promises to adhere to the basic laws of the Franco regime were later revealed as lies.
Seventhly, Payne reiterates his previous observations (which stand as a sorely needed corrective to leftist lies) that the Left had given up on democracy almost as soon as the Republic was established; that the Left in no way governed responsibly to respect the wishes of at least half of Spain; that the Left engaged in violent means to assert or protect its political power: indeed, the Left committed the only murder in the history of Western democracies of the leader of the opposition, Calvo Sotelo; and had Franco never been born, the insurgency would have nonetheless occurred. Far from instigating the rebellion against the Republic, Franco was essentially dismissed by the Right in the final weeks leading to the revolt due to his failure to commit. The murder of Calvo pushed him to join the revolt.
Eighthly, Payne is brilliant in pointing out the lie of the century, namely, Guernica. Not only was Guernica a legitimate target (a finding endorsed by the UN!), Payne presents other bombing atrocities by the Left that somehow never find their way in other books.
Despite having written an excellent book called Spanish Catholicism, in which he showed a real understanding of Catholicism and its role in Spain's history and culture, Payne is too critical of the Church’s response to the civil war, in my opinion. It does not seem like a failure to me that the Church should side with Franco, who was saving priests and religious from slaughter by the Left. (To be fair, he does point out in earlier works that the slaughter of priests by the Left was the worst since Roman times, even worse than the French Revolution.)
Each of Payne’s books has a similar logic in terms of how they are structured. Titles of chapters capture the essence of the narrative within. His writing is clear and calm and easy to follow, with no words wasted. Each chapter ends with a pithy summary. Notes frequently contain additional information beyond citing the source.
I recommend this book for anyone who is interested in Franco. The beginner will get a broad overview and the veteran student will appreciate the scholarship and wisdom from a giant in his field.
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